{"id":5516,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/datum\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T09:53:09","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T09:53:09","slug":"date","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/cs\/date\/","title":{"rendered":"DATUM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Funkce DATUM ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch MS Excel a Google Tabulky je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro pr\u00e1ci s datem a \u010dasem. Tato funkce v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it datum na z\u00e1klad\u011b zadan\u00e9ho roku, m\u011bs\u00edce a dne. Poj\u010fme se postupn\u011b pod\u00edvat na syntaxi a praktick\u00e9 aplikace t\u00e9to funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Syntaxe funkce<\/h2>\n

Syntax funkce DATUM je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 a je stejn\u00e1 jak v Excelu, tak ve Google Tabulk\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

=DATUM(rok, mesic, den)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
  • rok<\/strong> – \u010d\u00edslo odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed roku; m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zad\u00e1no jako \u010dty\u0159cifern\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (nap\u0159. 2023) nebo dvoucifern\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (nap\u0159. 23, co\u017e Excel vyhodnot\u00ed jako 2023).<\/li>\n
  • mesic<\/strong> – \u010d\u00edslo odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edci (1 a\u017e 12).<\/li>\n
  • den<\/strong> – \u010d\u00edslo reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed den v m\u011bs\u00edci. Pokud je zadan\u00fd den v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det dn\u00ed v m\u011bs\u00edci, Excel p\u0159i\u010dte tento p\u0159ebytek k zadan\u00e9mu datu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    P\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/p>\n
    =DATUM(2023, 1, 5)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Tento p\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159\u00ed datum 5. ledna 2023.<\/p>\n
    Vyu\u017eit\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci s daty<\/h2>\n
    P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s daty lze funkci DATUM vyu\u017e\u00edt k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, od jednoduch\u00e9ho vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a konverzi dat, a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty s daty a \u010dasy. Zde jsou dva praktick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady:<\/p>\n
    Spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed data narozen\u00ed<\/h2>\n
    P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee organizujete seznam lid\u00ed a pot\u0159ebujete z n\u011bj vy\u010d\u00edst p\u0159esn\u00e1 data narozen\u00ed z jejich rodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. Pro jednoduchost budeme pracovat pouze s rokem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rok narozen\u00ed je zjednodu\u0161en\u011b dvoucifern\u00fd:<\/p>\n
    =DATUM(\"19\" & LEVY(A2;2), MID(A2, 3, 2), MID(A2, 5, 2))<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \n
    • A2<\/code> – bu\u0148ka, kde je uveden\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo osoby (ve form\u00e1tu RRMMDDXXXX).<\/li>\n
    • Funkce LEVY<\/code>, MID<\/code> a konkatenace (spojen\u00ed textu pomoc\u00ed &) jsou vyu\u017eity k extrahov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b roku, m\u011bs\u00edce a dne pro funkci DATUM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed<\/h2>\n
      P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee pl\u00e1nujete ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 se m\u00e1 konat 90 dn\u00ed od dne\u0161n\u00edho data. M\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt funkci DATUM spolu s funkc\u00ed DNE\u0160\u00cd(), kter\u00e1 vrac\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd datum, a funkci DATUM pro v\u00fdpo\u010det budouc\u00edho data:<\/p>\n
      =DATUM(ROK(DNE\u0160\u00cd()), MESIC(DNE\u0160\u00cd()), DEN(DNE\u0160\u00cd()) + 90)<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \n
      • Funkce ROK<\/code>, MESIC<\/code> a DEN<\/code> zjist\u00ed \u00fadaje o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm datu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k nim p\u0159id\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00fd po\u010det dn\u00ed (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 90).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        Oba p\u0159\u00edklady ukazuj\u00ed, jak m\u016f\u017eete pomoc\u00ed funkce DATUM efektivn\u011b manipulovat s daty a pl\u00e1novat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nebo anal\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        Vr\u00e1t\u00ed po\u0159adov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ur\u010dit\u00e9ho data<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[293],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-datum-a-cas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunkce DATE (DATUM) v Excelu: jak funguje, primjeri kori\u0161tenja formule<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Opis funkcije DATE (DATUM) u Excelu i Google tablicama. 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