{"id":5651,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/platba-urok\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T09:58:00","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T09:58:00","slug":"ipmt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/cs\/ipmt\/","title":{"rendered":"PLATBA.\u00daROK"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod do v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u00farok\u016f z anuitn\u00ed platby<\/h2>\n

Ve finan\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdze a \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u00fakolem rozd\u011blovat anuitn\u00ed platby na \u010d\u00e1st jistiny a \u00farokovou slo\u017eku. Funkce PLATBA.\u00daROK (v angli\u010dtin\u011b IPMT) je v aplikac\u00edch jako MS Excel a Google Sheets kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00farokov\u00e9 slo\u017eky anuity v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Detailn\u00ed popis a syntaxe<\/h2>\n

Syntaxe funkce PLATBA.\u00daROK se m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed mezi MS Excel a Google Sheets, av\u0161ak ob\u011b verze si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed podobnou strukturu:<\/p>\n

=PLATBA.\u00daROK(sazba, obdob\u00ed, po\u010det_obdob\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00e1_hodnota, [budouc\u00ed_hodnota], [typ])<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
  • sazba<\/b> \u2013 \u00farokov\u00e1 sazba za jednotliv\u00e9 obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • obdob\u00ed<\/b> \u2013 ozna\u010den\u00ed obdob\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 se \u00farok vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1, s \u010d\u00edslem 1 pro prvn\u00ed obdob\u00ed a tak d\u00e1le.<\/li>\n
  • po\u010det_obdob\u00ed<\/b> \u2013 celkov\u00fd po\u010det obdob\u00ed spl\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • sou\u010dasn\u00e1_hodnota<\/b> \u2013 celkov\u00e1 p\u016fj\u010dovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka.<\/li>\n
  • budouc\u00ed_hodnota<\/b> (voliteln\u00e9) \u2013 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnota \u00fav\u011bru po posledn\u00ed anuitn\u00ed platb\u011b.<\/li>\n
  • typ<\/b> (voliteln\u00e9) \u2013 \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed platby: 0 znamen\u00e1 platbu na konci obdob\u00ed; 1 znamen\u00e1 platbu na za\u010d\u00e1tku obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    P\u0159\u00edklady praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n
    K lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed funkc\u00ed PLATBA.\u00daROK si projdeme n\u011bkolik praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th>\nVstupy<\/th>\nV\u00fdstup<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\u00fdpo\u010det \u00farokov\u00e9 slo\u017eky prvn\u00ed platby \u00fav\u011bru<\/td>\nsazba = 5% ro\u010dn\u011b, obdob\u00ed = 1, po\u010det_obdob\u00ed = 24, sou\u010dasn\u00e1_hodnota = 50 000 K\u010d<\/td>\n=PLATBA.\u00daROK(5%\/12, 1, 24, 50000)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\u00fdpo\u010det \u00farok\u016f pro 12. platbu<\/td>\nsazba = 5% ro\u010dn\u011b, obdob\u00ed = 12, po\u010det_obdob\u00ed = 24, sou\u010dasn\u00e1_hodnota = 50 000 K\u010d<\/td>\n=PLATBA.\u00daROK(5%\/12, 12, 24, 50000)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
    Anal\u00fdza a koment\u00e1\u0159e k p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdm studi\u00edm<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1me \u00farokovou slo\u017eku prvn\u00ed platby \u00fav\u011bru 50 000 K\u010d s ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00farokovou sazbou 5% na dobu 24 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. \u00darok je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ve prvn\u00ed platb\u011b, jeliko\u017e se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 z celkov\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010den\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky.<\/li>\n
    • V druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu \u00farokov\u00e1 slo\u017eka kles\u00e1 s ka\u017edou dal\u0161\u00ed spl\u00e1tkou, proto\u017ee hlavn\u00ed dluh je postupn\u011b spl\u00e1cen a \u00faroky se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed z men\u0161\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed jistiny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Tyto p\u0159\u00edklady ukazuj\u00ed, jak funkce PLATBA.\u00daROK m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a efektivn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu dluh\u016f, umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm l\u00e9pe predikovat finan\u010dn\u00ed toky b\u011bhem spl\u00e1cen\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      Vr\u00e1t\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku \u00faroku investice za\u00a0dan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[283],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-financni"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunkce IPMT (PLATBA.\u00daROK) v Excelu: jak funguje, primjeri kori\u0161tenja formule<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Opis funkcije IPMT (PLATBA.\u00daROK) u Excelu i Google tablicama. 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