{"id":5752,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/platba\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T10:01:39","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T10:01:39","slug":"pmt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/cs\/pmt\/","title":{"rendered":"PLATBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Popis a pou\u017eit\u00ed funkce PLATBA<\/h2>\n

Funkce PLATBA, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 v angli\u010dtin\u011b jako PMT, je finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v Microsoft Excel i Google Sheets pro v\u00fdpo\u010det anuitn\u00edch plateb. Je \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro ur\u010den\u00ed pravideln\u00fdch spl\u00e1tek p\u016fj\u010dek nebo hypot\u00e9k.<\/p>\n

Syntaxe funkce PLATBA je definov\u00e1na takto:<\/p>\n

PLATBA(\u00farok, po\u010det_obdob\u00ed, pv, [fv], [typ])<\/code><\/pre>\n
kde:<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u00farok<\/b> – \u00farokov\u00e1 m\u00edra za jedno platobn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00farokov\u00e9 sazb\u011b 12% a m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tce bude \u00farokov\u00e1 m\u00edra 1% (12% \/ 12).<\/li>\n
  • po\u010det_obdob\u00ed<\/b> – celkov\u00fd po\u010det platobn\u00edch obdob\u00ed po dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru.<\/li>\n
  • pv<\/b> – sou\u010dasn\u00e1 hodnota, tj. hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka dluhu k zaplacen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • fv<\/b> (nepovinn\u00fd) – budouc\u00ed hodnota nebo z\u016fstatek, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dosa\u017een po posledn\u00edm platobn\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Standardn\u00ed hodnota je 0, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fav\u011br bude zcela splacen.<\/li>\n
  • typ<\/b> (nepovinn\u00fd) – ur\u010duje, kdy maj\u00ed b\u00fdt platby prov\u00e1d\u011bny. Hodnota 0 zna\u010d\u00ed platbu na konci obdob\u00ed (standardn\u00ed), 1 zna\u010d\u00ed platbu na za\u010d\u00e1tku obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Praktick\u00e1 aplikace funkce PLATBA<\/h2>\n
    P\u0159\u00edklad 1: V\u00fdpo\u010det m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tky p\u016fj\u010dky<\/h3>\n
    P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee si berete p\u016fj\u010dku o v\u00fd\u0161i 1 000 000 K\u010d s ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00farokovou sazbou 5% na dobu 30 let. Jak vysok\u00e1 bude va\u0161e m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tka? Nejprve je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00farokovou sazbu na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed dobu na m\u011bs\u00edce:<\/p>\n
    =PLATBA(5%\/12, 30*12, 1000000)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Tato funkce v\u00e1m vr\u00e1t\u00ed hodnotu m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tky, kterou bude pot\u0159eba uhradit za p\u016fj\u010dku za uveden\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n
    P\u0159\u00edklad 2: V\u00fdpo\u010det m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed platby pro dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 sumy na konci spo\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n
    Pokud si p\u0159ejete naspo\u0159it na \u0161et\u0159ic\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu s ro\u010dn\u00edm \u00farokem 3%, abyste za 5 let dos\u00e1hli \u010d\u00e1stky 100 000 K\u010d, kolik byste m\u011bli m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b spo\u0159it, pokud jsou platby provedeny na konci m\u011bs\u00edce?<\/p>\n
    =PLATBA(3%\/12, 5*12, 0, -100000)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Zde nastav\u00edme budouc\u00ed hodnotu (fv) na -100000, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee c\u00edlem je dos\u00e1hnout 100 000 K\u010d na konci stanoven\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zjistit, jakou \u010d\u00e1stku je nutn\u00e9 pravideln\u011b odkl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n
    Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edkladech je mo\u017en\u00e9 upravovat parametry, jako jsou \u00farokov\u00e1 m\u00edra nebo d\u00e9lka \u00fav\u011bru, aby p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00eddaly va\u0161im finan\u010dn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Funkce PLATBA je tak velmi flexibiln\u00ed a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy finan\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Vr\u00e1t\u00ed hodnotu pravideln\u00e9 spl\u00e1tky anuity<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[283],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-financni"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunkce PMT (PLATBA) v Excelu: jak funguje, primjeri kori\u0161tenja formule<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Opis funkcije PMT (PLATBA) u Excelu i Google tablicama. 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