{"id":6469,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:48","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/covariance\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T08:03:53","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T08:03:53","slug":"covar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/fr\/covar\/","title":{"rendered":"COVARIANCE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction et D\u00e9finition<\/h2>\n

La covariance est une mesure statistique qui quantifie l’ampleur et la direction de la relation lin\u00e9aire entre deux variables num\u00e9riques. Elle est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans Excel par la fonction COVAR<\/code> et dans Google Sheets par COVARIANCE.S<\/code>. Une covariance positive indique que les deux variables ont tendance \u00e0 augmenter ou diminuer simultan\u00e9ment. \u00c0 l’inverse, une covariance n\u00e9gative signifie qu’une variable augmente alors que l’autre diminue.<\/p>\n

Syntaxe de la Fonction<\/h2>\n

Dans Excel, la fonction se note :<\/p>\n

=COVAR(ensemble_donn\u00e9es1, ensemble_donn\u00e9es2)<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tandis que dans Google Sheets, la fonction correspondante est COVARIANCE.S<\/code>, avec une syntaxe identique :<\/p>\n
=COVARIANCE.S(ensemble_donn\u00e9es1, ensemble_donn\u00e9es2)<\/code><\/pre>\n
Les termes ensemble_donn\u00e9es1<\/code> et ensemble_donn\u00e9es2<\/code> correspondent aux plages de cellules contenant les donn\u00e9es pour les deux variables \u00e0 \u00e9tudier.<\/p>\n
Exemples Pratiques<\/h2>\n
Ces exemples illustrent l’utilisation de la covariance pour analyser les relations entre diff\u00e9rentes s\u00e9ries de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n
Exemple 1 : Analyse d’Investissement<\/h2>\n
Imaginons que vous poss\u00e9diez les rendements mensuels de deux actions sur une ann\u00e9e et que vous souhaitiez \u00e9valuer leur covariance pour comprendre leur comportement conjoint, une information essentielle en gestion de portefeuille.<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Action A : 5%, 7%, -1%, 3%, 2%, -3%, 5%, 8%, 6%, 0%, -2%, 4%<\/li>\n
  • Action B : 2%, 1%, 0%, 2%, -1%, -4%, 6%, 7%, 8%, -1%, 0%, 3%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    En entrant ces donn\u00e9es dans deux colonnes distinctes et en appliquant COVAR<\/code> dans Excel ou COVARIANCE.S<\/code> dans Google Sheets, vous obtiendrez :<\/p>\n
    =COVAR(A1:A12, B1:B12)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Le r\u00e9sultat vous indiquera si les rendements des deux actions ont tendance \u00e0 varier de mani\u00e8re conjointe, avec une covariance positive sugg\u00e9rant un mouvement dans la m\u00eame direction.<\/p>\n
    Exemple 2 : \u00c9tude de Relation Entre la Temp\u00e9rature et la Consommation de Glaces<\/h2>\n
    Prenons l’exemple de donn\u00e9es recueillies sur la temp\u00e9rature moyenne et les ventes de glaces pendant un mois d’\u00e9t\u00e9 pour observer si ces variables sont corr\u00e9l\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Jour<\/th>\nTemp\u00e9rature (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nVentes de glaces (unit\u00e9s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    …<\/td>\n…<\/td>\n…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    30<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
    Utilisez la fonction COVAR<\/code> dans Excel ou COVARIANCE.S<\/code> dans Google Sheets pour ces donn\u00e9es :<\/p>\n
    =COVAR(B1:B30, C1:C30)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Un r\u00e9sultat positif indiquera que les jours plus chauds tendent \u00e0 correspondre \u00e0 des ventes de glaces plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant ainsi une relation lin\u00e9aire positive entre ces deux variables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Renvoie la covaRiance, moyenne des pRoduits des \u00e9caRts pouR chaque s\u00e9Rie d\u2019obseRvations<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-compatibilite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFonction COVAR (COVARIANCE) dans Excel : comment \u00e7a marche, exemples et syntaxe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pr\u00e9sentation de la fonction COVAR (COVARIANCE) d\u2019Excel et Google Sheets. 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