{"id":6807,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:48","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/loi-student\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T08:15:06","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T08:15:06","slug":"tdist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/fr\/tdist\/","title":{"rendered":"LOI.STUDENT"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Description de la fonction<\/h2>\n<p> La fonction <strong>LOI.STUDENT<\/strong> dans Excel et TDIST dans Google Sheets permet de calculer la probabilit\u00e9 que la valeur d&rsquo;une statistique de test suive une distribution t de Student sur une ou deux queues. Cette fonction est essentielle en statistique, en particulier pour les tests d&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8ses sur les moyennes de petits \u00e9chantillons. <\/p>\n<p> <strong>Syntaxe dans Excel (LOI.STUDENT) :<\/strong><br \/> <code>=LOI.STUDENT(x, degr\u00e9s_libert\u00e9, queues)<\/code> <\/p>\n<p> <strong>Syntaxe dans Google Sheets (TDIST) :<\/strong><br \/> <code>=TDIST(x, degr\u00e9s_libert\u00e9, queues)<\/code> <\/p>\n<p> O\u00f9: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>x<\/strong> : la valeur t dont vous souhaitez calculer la probabilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>degr\u00e9s_libert\u00e9<\/strong> : le nombre de degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon.<\/li>\n<li><strong>queues<\/strong> : le type de distribution. Un \u00ab\u00a01\u00a0\u00bb indique une distribution \u00e0 une queue et un \u00ab\u00a02\u00a0\u00bb indique une distribution \u00e0 deux queues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Exemples pratiques d&rsquo;application<\/h2>\n<h3>Exemple 1: Test d&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se sur la moyenne<\/h3>\n<p> Imaginons qu&rsquo;un enseignant souhaite v\u00e9rifier si la moyenne de 75 points suppos\u00e9e pour les notes de ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves est exacte. Il s\u00e9lectionne au hasard 25 notes d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves, avec une moyenne de 78 et un \u00e9cart-type de 10. Utilisons la distribution t pour \u00e9valuer si cette diff\u00e9rence de 3 points est statistiquement significative. <\/p>\n<pre> <code> =LOI.STUDENT((78-75)\/(10\/SQRT(25)), 24, 2) <\/code> <\/pre>\n<p> Commentaire: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La valeur t est calcul\u00e9e en utilisant la formule ((moyenne de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon &#8211; moyenne hypoth\u00e9tique) \/ (\u00e9cart type de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon \/ racine carr\u00e9e du nombre d&rsquo;observations)).<\/li>\n<li>Avec 24 degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 (nombre total d&rsquo;observations &#8211; 1) et une distribution \u00e0 deux queues, la fonction retourne la p-valeur corr\u00e9l\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>Si cette p-valeur est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0.05, l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se selon laquelle la moyenne est de 75 est rejet\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Exemple 2: Comparaison de deux moyennes<\/h3>\n<p> Supposons maintenant que l&rsquo;enseignant compare les performances de deux groupes distincts de 20 et 30 \u00e9tudiants, avec des moyennes respectives de 78 et 73, et des \u00e9carts types de 5 et 6. <\/p>\n<pre> <code> =LOI.STUDENT((78-73)\/SQRT((5^2\/20)+(6^2\/30)), 48, 1) <\/code> <\/pre>\n<p> Commentaire: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nous calculons la valeur t pour la diff\u00e9rence entre les deux moyennes en utilisant la variance combin\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>La m\u00e9thode des degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9e ici est une approximation qui utilise la formule (n1 + n2 &#8211; 2), o\u00f9 n1 et n2 sont les tailles des deux \u00e9chantillons.<\/li>\n<li>Une p-valeur pour la queue de droite est calcul\u00e9e pour d\u00e9terminer si la diff\u00e9rence observ\u00e9e est significativement positive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Renvoie la pRobabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une vaRiable al\u00e9atoiRe suivant la loi T de Student<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-compatibilite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fonction TDIST (LOI.STUDENT) dans Excel : comment \u00e7a marche, exemples et syntaxe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pr\u00e9sentation de la fonction TDIST (LOI.STUDENT) d\u2019Excel et Google Sheets. 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