{"id":10597,"date":"2025-07-15T13:34:50","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T13:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/pv\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T05:23:39","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T05:23:39","slug":"pv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/functiontranslator.com\/pl\/pv\/","title":{"rendered":"PV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Opis funkcji obliczania warto\u015bci bie\u017c\u0105cej<\/h2>\n

Funkcja PV (Present Value) jest stosowana w aplikacjach takich jak MS Excel i Google Sheets do obliczenia warto\u015bci bie\u017c\u0105cej inwestycji. Definiuje ona wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 przysz\u0142ych przep\u0142yw\u00f3w pieni\u0119\u017cnych przy uwzgl\u0119dnieniu okre\u015blonej stopy procentowej. G\u0142\u00f3wnie wykorzystywana w analizach finansowych, funkcja PV pozwala oceni\u0107 obecn\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 planowanych wp\u0142at lub wydatk\u00f3w roz\u0142o\u017conych na szereg kolejnych okres\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Syntaktyka i przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia<\/h2>\n

Syntaktyka funkcji w MS Excel:<\/strong><\/p>\n

=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
  • rate<\/strong> – stopa procentowa za jeden okres.<\/li>\n
  • nper<\/strong> – liczba okres\u00f3w p\u0142atno\u015bci w inwestycji.<\/li>\n
  • pmt<\/strong> – sta\u0142a p\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 dla ka\u017cdego okresu.<\/li>\n
  • fv<\/strong> – przysz\u0142a warto\u015b\u0107, czyli oczekiwane saldo po ostatnim okresie p\u0142atno\u015bci, domy\u015blnie ustawione na 0.<\/li>\n
  • type<\/strong> – okre\u015bla moment p\u0142atno\u015bci w okresie. '0′ oznacza koniec okresu, '1′ pocz\u0105tek okresu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce chcemy obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 inwestycji, w ramach kt\u00f3rej zamierzamy wp\u0142aca\u0107 1,000 z\u0142 miesi\u0119cznie przez 5 lat, przy rocznej stopie procentowej 3%, nie zak\u0142adaj\u0105c dodatkowego kapita\u0142u na zako\u0144czenie (fv=0).<\/p>\n
    =PV(3%\/12, 5*12, -1000, 0, 0)<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n
    Praktyczne zastosowania funkcji warto\u015bci bie\u017c\u0105cej<\/h2>\n
    1. Obliczanie kosztu kredytu<\/h2>\n
    Analizuj\u0105c sytuacj\u0119 po\u017cyczki 50,000 z\u0142 na 10 lat przy rocznej stopie procentowej 5%, funkcja PV mo\u017ce pos\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 do oceny miesi\u0119cznej raty kredytowej przy za\u0142o\u017ceniu sta\u0142ych p\u0142atno\u015bci do ko\u0144ca okresu sp\u0142aty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Miesi\u0119czna stopa procentowa<\/th>\n5% \/ 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Liczba rat<\/th>\n10 * 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Warto\u015b\u0107 bie\u017c\u0105ca<\/th>\n-50,000 (jako warto\u015b\u0107 ujemna, reprezentuj\u0105ca wyp\u0142yw)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Przysz\u0142a warto\u015b\u0107<\/th>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rodzaj p\u0142atno\u015bci<\/th>\n0 (na koniec okresu)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
    =PV(5%\/12, 10*12, 0, -50000, 0)<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n
    2. Planowanie oszcz\u0119dno\u015bci na emerytur\u0119<\/h2>\n
    Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy zamiar zgromadzenia 200,000 z\u0142 na emerytur\u0119 rozpoczynaj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 za 20 lat przy rocznej stopie zwrotu 4%. Funkcja PV mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c okre\u015bli\u0107 miesi\u0119czn\u0105 kwot\u0119 oszcz\u0119dno\u015bci niezb\u0119dn\u0105 do osi\u0105gni\u0119cia tego celu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Roczna stopa zwrotu<\/th>\n4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Liczba lat do emerytury<\/th>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Przysz\u0142a warto\u015b\u0107<\/th>\n-200,000 (jako warto\u015b\u0107 ujemna, reprezentuj\u0105ca wyp\u0142at\u0119)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Typ p\u0142atno\u015bci<\/th>\n1 (na pocz\u0105tku okresu)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
    =PV(4%\/12, 20*12, 0, -200000, 1)<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Zwraca warto\u015b\u0107 bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 inwestycji<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[424],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-finansowe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunkcja PV w Excelu \u2013 jak dzia\u0142a, przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia i sk\u0142adnia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Opis funkcji PV w Excelu. 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